In the last years of the war, Allied bombers from India repeatedly , seeking to destroy the naval facilities and administrative centres.
Aware that the Sultanate was under external and internal threats, he promised British military protection to the then Sultan of Kedah, ; in return, the Sultan offered to the British.
Occasionally, the Port of Penang hosts warships as well, including those from , the and most recently,.
Medical tourism has emerged as an integral component of Penang's services sector.
However, it was not until the 18th century did the British establish a permanent presence on the island.
It is led by the , who serves as the head of government in Penang.