At the new Moon phase, the Moon is so close to the Sun in the sky that none of the side facing Earth is illuminated position 1 in illustration.
When is the Harvest Moon? The Moon takes as much time to rotate once on its axis as it takes to complete one orbit of Earth.
Why do we always see the same side of the Moon from Earth? A crescent moon is 45 degrees from the Sun, a quarter moon is 90 degrees from the Sun, a gibbous moon is 135 degrees from the Sun, and the Full Moon is 180 degrees away from the Sun.